[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.stabyt.cz\/co-se-zmenilo-ve-skolach\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.stabyt.cz\/co-se-zmenilo-ve-skolach\/","headline":"Co se zm\u011bnilo ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch","name":"Co se zm\u011bnilo ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch","description":"Fyzick\u00e9 tresty Dnes si v\u016fbec nedovedeme p\u0159edstavit, aby na na\u0161e d\u00edtko ve \u0161kole n\u011bkdo vzt\u00e1hl ruku. U\u010ditel\u00e9 si pod hrozbou v\u00fdpov\u011bdi nic takov\u00e9ho nedovol\u00ed. D\u0159\u00edve…","datePublished":"2025-03-08","dateModified":"2025-03-08","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.stabyt.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.stabyt.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0dc285cbe86eecc8073f119fcb2e2c7032b51533f5bb47611c7d4a598558b8b7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0dc285cbe86eecc8073f119fcb2e2c7032b51533f5bb47611c7d4a598558b8b7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"stabyt.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.stabyt.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a301607_w2076_t1511700408.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.stabyt.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a301607_w2076_t1511700408.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.stabyt.cz\/co-se-zmenilo-ve-skolach\/","wordCount":415,"articleBody":"Fyzick\u00e9 trestyDnes si v\u016fbec nedovedeme p\u0159edstavit, aby na na\u0161e d\u00edtko ve \u0161kole n\u011bkdo vzt\u00e1hl ruku. U\u010ditel\u00e9 si pod hrozbou v\u00fdpov\u011bdi nic takov\u00e9ho nedovol\u00ed. D\u0159\u00edve se v\u0161ak t\u011blesn\u00fdmi tresty b\u011b\u017en\u011b udr\u017eovala k\u00e1ze\u0148 ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b. Byl to prost\u0159edek, kter\u00fd pr\u00fd posiloval zdatnost a v\u016fli. Zak\u00e1z\u00e1n byl v roce 1867, ale \u0159ada u\u010ditel\u016f jej i pak dlouho nedodr\u017eovala. Je\u0161t\u011b prarodi\u010de dne\u0161n\u00edch mal\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed jim mohou vypr\u00e1v\u011bt o tom, jak byli od kantor\u016f vytah\u00e1ni za ucho, za vlasy nebo dostali prav\u00edtkem p\u0159es ruku. Ne \u017ee bychom si p\u0159\u00e1li vracet se ke krut\u00e9mu zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s d\u011btmi, ale faktem je, \u017ee odbour\u00e1n\u00edm trest\u016f narostla agresivita \u017e\u00e1k\u016f a klesla autorita u\u010ditel\u016f.\u00a0Zn\u00e1mkov\u00e1n\u00ed a vysv\u011bd\u010den\u00edV\u0161eobecn\u00fdm \u0161koln\u00edm \u0159\u00e1dem, kter\u00fd vydala Marie Terezie v roce 1774, vzniklo i vysv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed.P\u0159ed n\u00edm jej nahrazoval jen jak\u00fdsi posudek o tom, jak se \u017e\u00e1k u\u010dil a choval. Dnes se uva\u017euje o n\u011b\u010dem podobn\u00e9m, toti\u017e, zda by nebylo spravedliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1mky nahradit hodnocen\u00edm slovn\u00edm, kter\u00e9 v\u00edce a p\u0159esn\u011bji vyjad\u0159uje osobnost a schopnosti d\u00edt\u011bte. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch se tak se souhlasem ministerstva \u0161kolstv\u00ed dokonce ji\u017e d\u011bje. Zn\u00e1mkov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo v minulosti nejprve \u010dty\u0159stup\u0148ov\u00e9 a a\u017e po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce byla zavedena p\u011btistup\u0148ov\u00e1 klasifikace, jak j\u00ed zn\u00e1me dodnes.\u00a0Pr\u00e1zdninyLi\u0161ily se ve m\u011bstech a na vesnic\u00edch kv\u016fli tomu, \u017ee lid\u00e9 na venkov\u011b pot\u0159ebovali pomoc sv\u00fdch potomk\u016f na pol\u00edch a v hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Doch\u00e1zka do \u0161koly se d\u011blila na zimn\u00ed a letn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st s p\u0159est\u00e1vkou v obdob\u00ed \u017en\u00ed. M\u011bstsk\u00e9 d\u011bti m\u011bly tedy pr\u00e1zdniny krat\u0161\u00ed, chodily do \u0161koly a\u017e do z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a s p\u0159est\u00e1vkou na Velikonoce. A\u017e v roce 1925 se jednotn\u011b ustanovil \u0161koln\u00ed rok od z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed do \u010dervna.\u00a0U\u010ditel\u00e9 versus u\u010ditelkyZat\u00edmco dne\u0161n\u00ed \u0161kolstv\u00ed je siln\u011b feminizovan\u00e9, d\u0159\u00edve o t\u00e9to pr\u00e1ci \u017eeny dlouho jen snily. Vyu\u010dovat toti\u017e sm\u011bli pouze mu\u017ei a a\u017e emancipa\u010dn\u00ed hnut\u00ed p\u0159ed sto lety velmi pomalu dopomohlo \u017een\u00e1m ke vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdkonu intelektu\u00e1ln\u00edho povol\u00e1n\u00ed.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                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